pre-congress

28 July 2026

TimeRoom ARoom BRoom CRoom DRoom E
08:00 – 09:00Check-In
09:00 –
12:30
Writing Review Reports (1)Emotional Functioning (2)Supporting People (3)Crisis to Resolution (4)Literacy and Numeracy (5)
12:30-01:30Check-in & Lunch Break
01:30 – 05:00Preparing Manuscripts (6)Hanging Out Program (7)Optimise Interventions (8)Inclusive Education Programmes (9) Inclusive Education Programmes (10)

Workshops

(1) Writing review reports: what editors and authors need

Presenter: Kathleen Tait

Overview

Peer review of manuscripts is an essential aspect of ensuring the quality of reporting new research knowledge. Reviewing manuscripts is fundamental to membership of the community of scholars. This interactive workshop will assist early career researchers (and those who have tips to share) review the work of others. Led by an experienced journal editor and reviewer, this workshop will offer guide participants in writing a review that authors and editors will find helpful. Bring along your questions and join the discussion.

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  • Understand the reviewing and editorial decision processes
  • Learn how to write a high-quality review that assists authors and editors
  • Consider issues in reviewing and understand the ethical implications of their work

Summary

1. Understanding the peer-review process

  • Understanding the reviewing and publishing process
  • Types of peer-review: single anonymised, double anonymised
  • What are editors and authors, looking for?

2. How to review a manuscript

  • How to review a manuscript
  • When to say yes, when to decline
  • Writing a report that helps editors make decisions and authors revise their work

3. Some common issues in reviewing

  • Acting ethically
  • Guidelines for using AI
  • Becoming a reviewer
  • Recognition for reviewing
  • Resources to help
About Kathleen Tait

Associate Professor Kathleen Tait is a registered educational psychologist specializing in the field of quality of life and the impact on families raising a child with IDD and complex conditions across the life span. She has worked in tertiary environments in the United Kingdom, Brunei Darussalam, Hong Kong SAR, Mainland China, Japan, and Australia.  Kathleen is an internationally recognized expert in assessment and early intervention programming. She describes her work as “applied and practical”.  Kathleen has over 200 publications, has secured more than $3 million in research grants, and has supervised 22 HDR students to completion. She is lead editor and co-author of the 5th edition of the text: Diversity, Inclusion and Engagement, Melbourne: Oxford University Press. This text has been on the OUP top ten best seller list since 2010. 

(2) Emotional functioning in people with intellectual or developmental disability: assessment and clinical relevance

Presenter: Markus Kosel and Tanja Sappok

Overview

Discover how emotional development can transform assessment, treatment, and support for people with intellectual disability. This interactive workshop offers practical tools (SEED/SED-S), clinical vignettes, and evidence-based strategies that immediately translate into better outcomes, fewer psychotropics, and more person-centred care. Join to sharpen your clinical thinking and energise your team’s everyday practice

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  • Understand the concept of emotional development and its relevance for assessment and treatment in people with intellectual disability.
  • Learn to use emotional developmental level (SEED/SED-S) to differentiate developmentally typical behavior from psychopathological symptoms and challenging behavior.
  • Identify developmentally appropriate, “emotionally logical” interventions (e.g., attachment-based, body-oriented, or mentalization-based) tailored to emotional reference age.
  • Recognize how integrating the emotional development approach into routine practice can reduce overmedication and restrictive measures while improving mental health, quality of life, and participation.

Summary

This workshop introduces the emotional development approach as a clinical framework for understanding behavior, mental health, and treatment needs in people with intellectual or developmental disability (IDD). Participants will learn how assessing emotional developmental level using the Scale of Emotional Development (SEED/SED-S) clarifies the distinction between developmentally typical behaviors and psychopathological symptoms, especially in individuals with limited verbal communication. Empirical findings on the association between low emotional development and behaviors that challence, the developmental prerequisites of specific psychiatric disorders, and the impact of development-based interventions on psychotropic prescribing and behavioral outcomes will be presented. Using clinical vignettes, the workshop will demonstrate how “developmentally logical” support and therapy (e.g., attachment-based, body-oriented, or mentalization-based interventions) can be tailored to emotional reference age and implemented through brief team training, thereby improving quality of life, mental health, and social participation while reducing overmedication and restrictive practices.

About Markus Kosel

Board certified adult psychiatrist and psychotherapist, since 2014 head of the Unit for adults with IDD and ASD of the University Hospital of Geneva, and senior lecturer at the Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland. Co-Chair of the CBMH SIRG since 2024. He has contributed to the validation of the French version of the “Scale of emotional development-short version” and the translation of the corresponding manual. One of his main interests is to conceptualize integrated approaches to patients presenting behaviors that challenge based on somatic, psychiatric and behavioral evaluations considering specific competences and difficulties of affected people, including the state of emotional development.

About Tanja Sappok

Tanja Sappok MD directs the University Clinic for People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Mara, University Hospital OWL, and is University Professor for Mental Health in Persons with Intellectual Disabilities at Bielefeld University’s Medical School. Her work focuses on autism spectrum disorders, emotional development, behavioural disorders, dementia, cancer in people with intellectual or developmental disability, and participatory medical teaching. A former president of EAMHID and current president of DGSGB, she organises national and international conferences and has published numerous books and scientific articles. She aims to improve medical care, participation, and inclusion for people with intellectual developmental disabilities.

(3) Supporting people with intellectual disabilities to participate in their health journey – building health literacy knowledge and skills.

Presenter: Rachel Skoss

Overview

This interactive workshop draws both from disability and health literacy research, and the experiences from supporting people with complex needs through their health journey. Attendees will engage in activities and discussions and have opportunity to reflect on their practice. They will learn to identify opportunities to build health skills of people with disability and walk away with strategies to support people with intellectual disability access and engage with health care.

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  1. Understand the information needs of people with intellectual disability to enable their participation, including different ways to communicate that information.
  2. Identify opportunities to support people with intellectual disability to build health literacy skills including healthcare decision making.
  3. Plan how to effectively support a person with intellectual disability to engage with their health care.
  4. Reflect on the roles of supporters and health professionals, and the tension between autonomy/self-determination and concerns regarding risk of harm in the context of health.

Summary

Person-centred health care is a key characteristic required for optimal health outcomes, yet people with intellectual disability experience external barriers to involvement. People with intellectual disability experience limited opportunities to build essential health literacy skills such as communicating about their health and health-related decision-making. A lack of adequate accommodations, such as accessible information, appropriate support and time necessary for decision-making, also acts as a barrier to understanding and managing health. Further, health professionals tend to prioritise the voices of others such as family and support workers above that of the person with intellectual disability.

This workshop will provide an opportunity to explore best practice strategies of supporting the person with intellectual disability to actively participate in their health care. We also discuss how effective support can be provided by caregivers and health professionals through the development and maintenance of health management skills.

About Rachel Skoss

Dr Rachel Skoss is a Senior Research Fellow at The Kids Research Institute Australia and health consultant at Microboards Australia. Informed by her equally important role as parent of a teenage with intellectual disability and chronic health issues, Rachel’s focus is on health planning and improving access to quality health care for people with intellectual disability to optimise their health and wellbeing outcomes. She uses a health literacy approach to build capacity in the front-line disability and health workforce, and families and caregivers, so they provide effective support for people with complex needs.

(4) From Crisis to Resolution through Multi-element Behaviour Support: A Compassionate, Comprehensive and Constructional Approach

Presenter: Lori Ann Dotson

Overview

This workshop introduces Multi-Element Behavior Support (MEBS), an evidence-based, comprehensive, constructional, and compassionate framework that challenges the fallacy that behavioral escalation necessitates restrictive practices. Participants will gain practical tools for responding to high-risk behavior using intentional, trauma-informed strategies that lower episodic severity and enhance quality of life, by helping people return as quickly as possible to the meaningful activities and relationships that matter most to them. Case examples span the lifespan and diverse settings and international contexts.

Learning Goals

Participants will be able to:

  • Describe the core elements of Multi-Element Behavior Support (MEBS).
  • Analyze behavioral escalation scenarios to distinguish resolution-focused responses from restrictive, escalation-driven practices.
  • Apply trauma-informed, non-aversive MEBS strategies to high-risk situations to reduce episodic severity and support rapid return to meaningful activities.
  • Evaluate behavior support plans for coherence, dignity, and quality-of-life outcomes across diverse service contexts.

Summary

This half-day workshop introduces Multi-Element Behavior Support (MEBS), an evidence-based, comprehensive, constructional, and compassionate framework for supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities who experience complex or high-risk behavioral challenges. MEBS is grounded in applied behavior analysis while explicitly prioritizing dignity, safety, and quality-of-life outcomes. A central focus of the workshop is challenging the alignment fallacy, the persistent assumption that behavioral escalation necessitates increasingly restrictive practices. Participants will examine how this assumption can inadvertently intensify episodic severity and undermine social validity. Through guided instruction and applied case examples, participants will gain practical tools for responding to escalation using intentional, trauma-informed, and non-aversive strategies designed to resolve episodes efficiently and safely. Emphasis is placed on helping individuals return as quickly as possible to the meaningful activities, relationships, and roles that enrich their lives. Case examples will span the lifespan and reflect diverse service settings and international practice contexts.

About Lori Ann Dotson

As Chief Knowledge and Learning Officer at the IABA Research and Education Foundation, Dr. Lori Ann Dotson is leading knowledge dissemination and capacity-building in the field of positive behavior support. She serves families and individuals across the lifespan whose lives have been impacted by multiple disabilities. As a parent-practitioner and bereaved mother, she understands first-hand the urgency for comprehensive and compassionate care. By bridging her lived experience with clinical expertise, applied research and teaching, she is helping to shape practice standards and improve outcomes for individuals and families. She has extensive experience in leading clinical and operations teams serving children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

(5) Literacy and Numeracy for learners with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities

Presenter: Rhonda Faragher and Kelly Burgoyne

Overview

It was once thought that learners with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities could not learn. Research and practice over many years have shown that’s a myth! In this workshop, two leading researchers in the field of education for learners with Down syndrome and intellectual disability will provide practical, evidence-based strategies to support literacy and numeracy development across the lifespan. The workshop is planned for parents, teachers, and other practitioners and no prior knowledge is required.

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  1. Gain insight into literacy and numeracy development, for people with and without intellectual disabilities.
  2. Understand research findings related to literacy and numeracy for learners with Down syndrome.
  3. Learn practical strategies to support literacy and numeracy development across the lifespan.
  4. Learn practical strategies to support numeracy development across the lifespan.

Summary

Literacy is more than reading and numeracy is more than arithmetic. This workshop focusses on literacy and numeracy as the basis for lifelong learning and engagement with education at all levels.
We will discuss what research has found out about literacy and numeracy development for learners with Down syndrome. We will then offer practical strategies to support learners at various stages of education from early childhood to adulthood.

About Rhonda Faragher

Rhonda Faragher is Professor of Inclusion and Diversity at the University of Queensland where she is Director of the Down Syndrome Research Program. She is a mathematics teacher by background and undertakes research that improves the quality of life of individuals with disabilities, particularly in inclusive classroom contexts. She is a Fellow of IASSIDD and Co-Editor in Chief of IASSIDD’s Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. She serves on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, and the Mathematics Education Research Journal. In addition, she is an expert reviewer for international grant schemes.

(6) Preparing research manuscripts for publication – tips for early career researchers

Presenter: Rhonda Faragher and Alice Schippers

Overview

Writing manuscripts is fundamental to membership of the community of scholars. This interactive workshop will assist early career researchers (and those who have tips to share) to publish their research. Led by experienced journal editors and authors, this workshop will offer participants strategies and time for questions and discussion. Bring along a draft, if you have one in development.
There are hundreds of highly ranked international journals that publish scholarly articles and make a significant and original contribution to theory, practice, and research for the field of IDD. If you have ever wondered about what processes are used to select and publish articles, or if you would like to find out how you can increase your chances of being a published author, then this is the workshop for you!

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  • Understand the reviewing and editorial decision processes
  • Develop their strategies for preparing manuscripts for submission to journals
  • Learn how to write a high-quality review that assists authors and editors

Summary

1. Increasing your chances of publishing

  • What are editors and reviewers, looking for?
  • Understanding the reviewing and publishing process
  • Explaining criteria and common reasons for rejection
  • Strategies for choosing an appropriate journal for your manuscript

2. Preparing a manuscript for publication

  • From a focused topic to designing a research question.
  • Writing the title and selecting keywords
  • Following the author guidelines
  • Collaborating with other authors, especially those with intellectual or developmental disabilities
  • Workshopping your draft manuscript (bring one along if you wish)

3. Ethical issues

  • Author order and contributions
  • Acknowledging ethical practice in writing about research in the field of ID
  • Ethical use of Artificial Intelligence in research writing
About Rhonda Faragher

Rhonda Faragher is Professor of Inclusion and Diversity at the University of Queensland where she is Director of the Down Syndrome Research Program. She is a mathematics teacher by background and undertakes research that improves the quality of life of individuals with disabilities, particularly in inclusive classroom contexts. She is a Fellow of IASSIDD and Co-Editor in Chief of IASSIDD’s Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. She serves on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, and the Mathematics Education Research Journal. In addition, she is an expert reviewer for international grant schemes.

About Alice Schippers

Alice Schippers is professor of Disability Studies, by special appointment on behalf of Disability Studies in Nederland, at the University of Humanistic Studies in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
From mid 1990’s, her research focus is on (Family) Quality of Life, Social Inclusion and Inclusive Research. She is a strong advocate of collaborative and inclusive research with and by people with disability and neurodiverse experience. Alice is Member of the Board of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. She is associate editor with two international journals and also active in several (inter)national committees.

(7) Interaction with people with profound intellectual and multiple disability: Hanging Out Program HOP workshop

Presenter: Sheridan Forster and Gustaaf Bos

Overview

Interactions with adults who do not use nor understand speech or pictures, can be a challenge for people accustomed to conversations based on speech. This interactive workshop, using participation, is an opportunity to deeply explore what interaction feels like potentially for a person with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities and their interaction partners. It is an opportunity to explore the intersections between ethics, abilities and disabilities, meaning, and organisational barriers and enablers that influence everyday interaction.

Learning Goals

Participants will:

  1. Integrate research, everyday practice, learning-from-doing to enhance opportunities for interaction with people with PIMD.
  2. Consider how the experience of a person with PIMD may shape interaction needs
  3. Explore how assumptions, biases, values, on an individual and organisational level can influence interactions for people with PIMD

Summary

The interactive Hanging Out Program workshop has three sections. It starts with a story of how and why HOP was developed, and the paradigm shift that drove the approach.
The second part, is about doing HOP – interacting with a person who does not use or understand speech, and stepping into a role of being a person with profound intellectual and multiple disability.
The third part of the HOP workshop brings together what it felt like to be the person with disability and what it felt like being the partner. The experiences for both dyad participants are deeply explored through unpacking what worked in the interaction and what did not work. At times the ascriptions of one partner may not match with the felt experience of the other. Contextual constraints and enablers are projected in questions like: If the person with disability expresses delight in being sung a nursery rhyme, what might your organisation say about support workers singing children’s songs? Additionally, insights from research, and gaps in current research will also be shared.

About Sheridan Forster

Dr Sheridan Forster is a speech therapist, researcher, and person with a disability. Her career has focused on adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) and their interactions with other people. She completed a PhD in 2011 focused on the natural use of affect attunement by disability support workers in their interactions with adults with PIMD. In 2007, as a result of her earlier research exploring what interaction is like for disability support workers, she developed the Hanging Out Program (HOP). HOP workshops have been conducted in several nations, and a Facebook group sharing its intentions of optimising interactions for people with PIMD has more than 1,100 followers internationally.

About Gustaaf Bos

Dr Gustaaf Bos is researcher and lecturer at the Care Ethics department of the University of Humanistic Studies (Netherlands). Gustaaf earned his PhD in 2016 for his participatory, ethnographic and phenomenological research about encounters between people with (severe) intellectual disabilities, their neighbours, care staff and relatives. He is currently involved in various collaborative and innovative research projects within complex care practices. These projects aim to create more space for interpersonal exchange and connectedness, in order to increase mutual understanding and the quality of life of everyone involved. Gustaaf is part of the Dutch research platform on Disability Studies, Inclusion & Belonging, and the International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research.

(8) How to optimise interventions within intellectual disability populations underpinned by Behavioural Change and Implementation Science

Presenter: Laurence Taggart and Gary McDermott

Overview

Designing effective interventions for people with intellectual disabilities is not just about what we deliver, it’s about why it works, how it works, and how we make it last. This interactive workshop brings together two powerful approaches:

  • Behaviour Change Science – to strengthen intervention core components and mechanisms
  • Implementation Science – to ensure interventions are feasible, scalable, and sustainable in real-world services.

Participants will:

  • Understand the COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour)
  • Use the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify behavioural determinants
  • Recognise and select appropriate Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs)
  • Identify implementation strategies and outcomes
  • Understand implementation mechanisms such as staff buy-in and organisational readiness
  • Consider sustainability from the outset by developing an Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM)
  • Strengthen the rigour and scalability of interventions in intellectual disability services.

Summary

Interventions in intellectual disability services often fail not because they lack evidence, but because:

  • Behavioural mechanisms are poorly specified
  • Core components are unclear
  • Implementation strategies are not aligned to context
  • Sustainability is not planned from the outset

This workshop will:

  1. Introduce core Behaviour Change frameworks that help clarify mechanisms of action
  2. Explore Implementation Science strategies and outcomes that support embedding interventions in real-world settings
  3. Demonstrate how to integrate both using an Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM)

The session is practical, applied, and focused on improving real-world impact in intellectual disability settings.

About Laurence Taggart

Laurence Taggart, a nurse and research psychologist, recently joined Queens University Belfast’s as Professor of Implementation Science. Before this, he spent over 20 years at Ulster University, where he led the Centre for Neuro-developmental and Intellectual Disabilities. His research focuses on healthcare access for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the development and testing of interventions using trial methodology, and how such interventions are implemented in real-word settings. I have held prominent roles in Royal Society of Medicine, the Royal College of Nursing, and NICE. Currently, I’m an Executive Committee Member and Liaison Officer to the WHO for IASSIDD.

About Gary McDermott

I am a behavioural scientist and Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Queen’s University, Belfast. My research focuses on reducing health inequalities for people with intellectual disabilities through the development and evaluation of complex behaviour change interventions. With a background in physical activity research, I am particularly interested in promoting sustainable physical activity to improve long-term health outcomes in intellectual disability populations. My work is grounded in contemporary behavioural and implementation science, ensuring interventions are theoretically informed, evidence-based, and feasible in real-world settings. My skillset can help support researchers and practitioners to design and implement effective, scalable interventions within intellectual disability contexts.

(9) Development and delivery of a new personalized complex intervention for aggressive challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities with or without autism (PETAL intervention)

Presenter: Angela Hassiotis and Afia Ali

Overview

Aggressive challenging behaviour appears to be a common typology of challenging behaviour but also an insurmountable target for tailored intervention. Some interventions such as CBT informed anger management is not suitable for everyone and behavioural interventions such as positive behaviour support also may or not be effective and does not take into consideration specific elements of aggression including carers and self regulation. In order to address gaps in the range of interventions available to young people and adults with intellectual disabilities who display aggression, we have developed a co-produced manualised psychosocial intervention (PETAL therapy) that can be delivered to the adult with intellectual disabilities and to his/her family or paid carers alongside usual care. The therapy incorporates several modules and addresses some of the mechanisms of aggression such as emotional dysregulation and frustration.

Participants will:

  • Learn about aggressive challenging behaviour explanatory models
  • Learn about complex intervention development in intellectual disabilities
  • Become familiar with the PETAL intervention and the training requirements

Summary

The workshop will cover the rationale for the development of a new psychological (complex) intervention for aggressive challenging behaviour and run through the training requirements and complete a taster of the training delivery. We will also present information on the clinical trial and process evaluation.

About Angela Hassiotis

I read Medicine at the University of Athens and have resided in the UK since 1988 where I came following qualification. I trained in Psychiatry at the Royal Free Training Scheme and the North West Thames Higher Training Scheme in Learning Disabilities. I have been a clinical academic since 1997. I have worked as a consultant first at the Herts and Essex Mental Health Trust and since 2001 in the Camden and Islington Foundation Trust.
Lancet Psychiatry profile: https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lanpsy/PIIS2215-0366(23)00107-4.pdf
Awards
Psychiatric Intellectual Disabilities Team of the Year 2020 RCPsych
Stephen Reiss award for research excellence NADD 2020
IASSIDD Fellow 2021
Frank Menolascino award for contribution to clinical services NADD 2023

About Afia Ali

I am a clinical Reader in Intellectual Disability Psychiatry and Co-director of Graduate Studies for the Wolfson Institute of Population Health. I am an honorary consultant psychiatrist at the East London NHS Foundation Trust. My research interests include the development and evaluation of psychosocial interventions in people with intellectual disability. I am the Chief Investigator for an NIHR Programme Grant for Applied Research: “Improving quality of life and behaviour that challenges in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability through person-centred solution focused communication (ICONIC).” I am also co-chief investigator for an NIHR Programme Grant on the development of a personalised intervention for people with aggression and intellectual disability (PETAL) and an NIHR (Health and Social Care Delivery Research) grant evaluating the impact of Care, Education and Treatment Reviews in people with intellectual disability or autism. My other research interests include the experiences of stigma by people with intellectual disability and their families and secondary data analysis examining psychiatric morbidity in people with borderline intellectual impairment.

(10) Establishing inclusive post-secondary education programmes

Presenter: Michael Shevlin and Wolfgang Plaute

Overview

Would you like to reimagine the future with and for young people who have an intellectual disability? For too long these young people have remained on the margins of society with limited agency and autonomy. Inclusive post-secondary education programmes are designed to enable these young people to access meaningful opportunities to gain independence and attain employment in the first labour market. Interested? Come along and join us.

Participants will:

  • examine the key factors involved in establishing inclusive post-secondary education programmes at universities,
  • explore possibilities for further cooperation at the national and international levels and
  • be engaged and encouraged to radically reimagine the future for young people with an intellectual disability.

Summary

Across the world, young people who have an intellectual disability are more likely to be unemployed and at greater risk of poverty. Enabling a transition to a meaningful adulthood for these young people is a complex and multi-factorial process. Increasingly, there is a growing awareness that these young people should have access to meaningful opportunities to gain independence through inclusive lifelong learning, thereby fulfilling their potential and attaining employment in the first labour force. Inclusive post-secondary education (IPSE) for students with intellectual disabilities has recently emerged as an innovative approach that enables these young people to take their place in society as independent and capable citizens.

This workshop based on extensive experience and expertise will examine the key factors involved in establishing inclusive post-secondary education programmes in universities and engage and encourage participants to radically reimagine the future for young people who have an intellectual disability.

About Michael Shevlin

Michael is Professor in Inclusive Education and former Director of the Trinity Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Trinity College Dublin. His teaching and research have focused on facilitating the inclusion of children and young people with special educational needs within mainstream schools and promoting the voice of marginalised people within decision making processes that affect their lives. As Director of the Trinity Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities he led the delivery of an accredited education into employment transition programme for young people with intellectual disabilities.

About Wolfgang Plaute

Prof. Dr Wolfgang Plaute was born on March 2nd, 1963, in Salzburg, Austria. Father of a 29-year-old son and legal guardian of a person with an intellectual disability. Studied Science of Education at the University of Salzburg and has 40 years of professional experience in the field of disability (20 years at Lebenshilfe Salzburg, Austria and 10 years at KJF Munich, Germany). Since 2013, he has been Professor of Inclusion and Special Education and Vice Rector of Research and Development at the University of Education Salzburg. He is the founder of the BLuE programme, an inclusive post-secondary education programme for students with intellectual disability at the University of Education Salzburg.